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Author: Nikolay N. Podosokorsky
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PhD in Philology, Senior Researcher, A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Povarskaya 25 a, 121069 Moscow, Russia.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-1579

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Podosokorsky, N.N. “The Religious Element of the Myth of Napoleon in the Novel Crime and Punishment: The Image of “Napoleon-Prophet” and the Mystic Sects of Russian Schismatics, Worshippers of Napoleon.” Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal, no. 2 (18), 2022, pp. 89–143. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2022-2-89-143

Received: 05 May 2022
Published: 25 June 2022
Issue: 2022 no. 2 (18)
Department: POETICS. CONTEXT
Pages: 89-143
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2022-2-89-143
EDN:

https://elibrary.ru/PRKIMJ

UDK: 821.16.1.0+94
BBK: 83+83.3(2=411.2)+63.3
Keywords: Crime and Punishment, Napoleon, the Napoleonic myth, Mohammed, Voltaire, sects, Napoleonites, Rostopchin, Freemasons, War of 1812, Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign.
Abstract: The article is dedicated to the presence of the Napoleonic myth in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment (1866) through its religious aspect, namely the historical and cultural mergence of Napoleon and Mohammed and the worship of Napoleon among the mystic sects of Russian schismatics in the first half of the 19th century. The formation of a lasting perception of Napoleon Bonaparte as the new “prophet”, “Mohammed of the West” — which can be found in Stendhal, Alexandre Dumas, Honoré de Balzac, and others — is here traced, as well as the way Napoleon used religion and art for political aims during the Egyptian expedition and after. Particular attention is dedicated to Voltaire’s play Mahomet (1741) and its influence on Napoleon (and possibly on Dostoevsky) through theatre performances. Rodion Raskolnikov’s Napoleonic theory is explained through an immersion in the history of the wars between Russia and France and of the Russian sectarian movement, where in 1920s-1940s could be found more than one sect worshipping Napoleon. According to the reports of secret police agents, they tacitly gathered in Moscow and worshipped a bust of Napoleon the Emperor, believing that he was not dead but alive, and would soon appear to “command the righteous regiments to restore the shattered order”. Dostoevsky could use this original mystical phenomenon in his novel. It is no coincidence that one of the doubles-substitutes for the main character in Crime and Punishment is the schismatic Mikolka, who was born in the Ryazan province, where Raskolnikov’s mother and sister lived.

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